The States of Bipolar Disease
When learning about bipolar disease, also refered to as manic depression, it is important to understand the main aspects and phases of the disorder.
Bipolar disease is commonly categorized as either bipolar type I, or type II. Type I is characterized by full blown mania, whereas type II has highs that do not reach the full extreme of mania.
Bipolar disease that is of the type II variety is difficult to diagnose, since the the hypomanic episodes may at first seem to be simply periods of very high productivity and energy. These highs are reported much less frequently than the depressive cycles, and bipolar disease may be mistaken for clinical depression.
In manic periods, psychosis may occur in those with bipolar disease. In addition, there are certain people with bipolar disease that are considered "rapid cycling." This means that their moods change on a weekly or monthly basis, rather than several times per year. Bipolar disease occurs on a spectrum, rather than as just a few subtypes, and cycling through moods is also very individual.
There is no consensus of how many types of bipolar disorder exist. In addition, those with bipolar disease may experience severe anxiety and are very irritable to the point of rage when experiencing a manic episode. Others, however, may experience euphoria or extreme happiness and energy during the manic phase.
During the depressive phase of bipolar disease, sufferers may feel persistently sad, anxious, guilty, angry, hopeless, or isolated. Distrubances in sleep and appetite, fatigue, and loss of interest in usually enjoyed activities, problems concentrating, loneliness, self-loathing, apathy or indifference, depersonalization, loss of interest in sexual activity, shyness or social anxiety, irritability, and chronic pain can all be symptoms.
Those who experience hypomania, which is a less destructive state of mania, may have subtle symptoms. These can include heightened moods, either elated or irritated, racing speech, and hyperactivity and boundless energy.
Mixed state bipolar disease is a condition where symptoms of mania and clinical depression occur simultaneously. They can be the most volatile of the bipolar states, as moods can easily and quickly be triggered. This can lead to suicide attempts, addiction, and self-mutilation episodes.
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